Not Again He Must Have Died

Jesus'south predicting his or someone else'due south death

Early on Christian Catacomb painting of Jesus and his disciples, pre-tertiary century.

At that place are several references in the Synoptic Gospels (the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke) to Jesus predicting his ain death, the offset two occasions building up to the final prediction of his crucifixion.[1] Matthew's Gospel adds a prediction, before he and his disciples enter Jerusalem, that he will be crucified there.[ii]

Gospel of Mark [edit]

In the Gospel of Mark, more often than not agreed to be the primeval Gospel, written around the year lxx,[iii] [4] Jesus predicts his death three times. Scholars note that this Gospel also contains verses in which Jesus appears to predict his Passion and suggest that these represent the earlier traditions available to the writer/ Some scholars, such as Walter Schmithals, propose a redactional formulation of the author, though Schmithals states in that location are "vexxing questions" relating to the sayings.[5] Meanwhile, other scholars clarify these arguments and present a unlike view, and believe these sayings are historical. Ultimately, no consensus has emerged among scholars.[6] The setting for the first prediction is somewhere well-nigh Caesarea Philippi, immediately afterwards Peter proclaims Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus tells his followers that "the Son of Man must endure many things and exist rejected by the elders, main priests and teachers of the law, and that he must exist killed and after three days ascent again".[7] When Peter objects, Jesus tells him: "Go behind me, Satan! You do not accept in mind the things of God, only the things of men". (Mark 8:31–33)

Gospel of Matthew [edit]

The Gospel of Matthew 16:21–28 includes this episode,[8] proverb that Jesus "from that fourth dimension", i.due east. on a number of occasions, Jesus "began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and principal priests and scribes, and exist killed ...".[9]

The Gospel of Luke nine:22–27 shortens the account, dropping the dialogue between Jesus and Peter.

Each fourth dimension Jesus predicts his abort and expiry, the disciples in some way or another manifest their incomprehension, and Jesus uses the occasion to teach them new things.[10] The 2nd alert appears in Marking 9:30–32 (and also in Matthew 17:22–23) as follows:

He said to them, "The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the easily of men. They will kill him, and after 3 days he will rise." But they did non empathize what he meant and were agape to enquire him nearly it.[eleven]

The third prediction in Matthew 20:17–19 specifically mentions crucifixion:

At present as Jesus was going upward to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside and said to them, "We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Homo will be betrayed to the chief priests and the teachers of the constabulary. They will condemn him to death and will turn him over to the Gentiles to exist mocked and flogged and crucified. On the third day he will exist raised to life!"[12]

The fourth prediction in Matthew is found in Matthew 26:1–2, immediately earlier the plot made against him past the religious Jewish leaders:

"As y'all know, the Passover is 2 days away — and the Son of Man will exist handed over to be crucified."

The hypothetical Q source, widely considered by scholars to be a collection of sayings of Jesus used, in addition to the Gospel of Marker, by the authors of the Luke and Matthew Gospels, contains no predictions of the death of Jesus.[13]

Gospel of John [edit]

In the conversation with Nicodemus in the Gospel of John, Jesus pointed Nicodemus towards his expiry when he said

Just equally Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, then the Son of Homo must be lifted up[14]

Jesus was intimating that something similar would happen to him as in Numbers 21:4-ix,[xv] where Moses raised a statuary statue of a serpent up on a pole.

In chapters 12 to 17 this gospel also mentions several occasions where Jesus prepared his disciples for his departure, which the gospel as well refers to equally his "glorification":[16]

Jesus answered them, maxim, "The hour has come up that the Son of Human should be glorified. Well-nigh assuredly, I say to yous, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; just if it dies, it produces much grain.[17]

Comparison of Synoptic Gospel predictions [edit]

In each of the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus foretells of His own decease and resurrection after three days. The concordances are summarized in the following table:

Matthew Marker Luke
Matthew sixteen:21-23: From that time Jesus began to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and exist raised the third day. Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, proverb, "Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You lot!" But He turned and said to Peter, "Become backside Me, Satan! You are an offense to Me, for y'all are non mindful of the things of God, but the things of men."[i] Mark 8:31-33: And He began to teach them that the Son of Human must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and after iii days rising once again. He spoke this word openly. So Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. But when He had turned around and looked at His disciples, He rebuked Peter, saying, "Get behind Me, Satan! For you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men."[two] Luke 9:21-22: And He strictly warned and commanded them to tell this to no one, saying, "The Son of Homo must suffer many things, and exist rejected by the elders and principal priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third 24-hour interval."[three]
Matthew 17:22-23: Now while they were staying in Galilee, Jesus said to them, "The Son of Man is nearly to be betrayed into the hands of men, and they will kill Him, and the third solar day He volition be raised up." And they were exceedingly sorrowful.[iv] Mark 9:30-32: Then they departed from in that location and passed through Galilee, and He did not want anyone to know it. For He taught His disciples and said to them, "The Son of Homo is being betrayed into the hands of men, and they volition kill Him. And later on He is killed, He volition rise the third twenty-four hours." Just they did not understand this saying, and were agape to ask Him.[five] Luke ix:43-45: But while everyone marveled at all the things which Jesus did, He said to His disciples, "Permit these words sink down into your ears, for the Son of Man is nearly to be betrayed into the easily of men." Only they did not understand this maxim, and it was subconscious from them so that they did not perceive information technology; and they were afraid to enquire Him near this saying.[6]
Matthew 20:17-nineteen: Now Jesus, going up to Jerusalem, took the twelve disciples aside on the road and said to them, "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man volition be betrayed to the primary priests and to the scribes; and they will condemn Him to expiry, and deliver Him to the Gentiles to mock and to scourge and to crucify. And the 3rd twenty-four hours He volition rise once again." [7] Mark ten:32-34: At present they were on the road, going upwards to Jerusalem, and Jesus was going before them; and they were amazed. And equally they followed they were agape. And then He took the twelve aside again and began to tell them the things that would happen to Him: "Behold, we are going upward to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be betrayed to the chief priests and to the scribes; and they will condemn Him to decease and deliver Him to the Gentiles; and they will mock Him, and [a]scourge Him, and spit on Him, and kill Him. And the third 24-hour interval He volition ascension once more[8] Luke eighteen:31-34: Then He took the twelve bated and said to them, "Behold, nosotros are going upwards to Jerusalem, and all things that are written by the prophets concerning the Son of Human being volition be accomplished. For He will exist delivered to the Gentiles and will be mocked and insulted and spit upon. They will scourge Him and kill Him. And the third twenty-four hours He volition rising once again." Merely they understood none of these things; this maxim was hidden from them, and they did non know the things which were spoken.[9]
Matthew 26:32 Only after I take risen, I will become ahead of yous into Galilee."[18]

As shown in the Daily Mass Readings provided in the Latin Rite of the Roman Cosmic Church,[xix] the prediction given by Jesus in Mark 9:32 has one of its primary references in the Wisdom of Solomon:[20]

12 Therefore let the states lie in wait for the righteous; because he is not for our turn, and he is clean contrary to our doings: he upbraideth the states with our offending the police force, and objecteth to our infamy the transgressings of our education. 17 Let the states see if his words be truthful: and permit united states prove what shall happen in the stop of him. For if the just man be the son of God, he will help him, and evangelize him from the mitt of his enemies. Allow us examine him with despitefulness and torture, that we may know his meekness, and prove his patience. Let us condemn him with a shameful death: for by his own saying he shall exist respected.

Book of Wisdom two:12, 17-twenty (KJV translation)

Historical context [edit]

Jesus made predictions about the "Son of Man." This is a Hebrew term with v different meanings, depending on the context in which it is used: all mankind (humanity as a whole), a human being (a man, every bit opposed to God), a personal pronoun ("I", "myself"), a sinner (an unjust person, every bit opposed to a just person),[21] and the messiah (the awaited king).[22]

Jesus predicted that the Son of Homo would be handed over/betrayed to the elders, the master priests, the scribes, and the teachers of the police force. In the Second Temple period, the Sanhedrian members were called "elders,"[23] a high priest was a "chief priest,"[24] and the successors of Ezra the scribe - who became teachers of the police force in those days - were called the "scribes."[25] [26] John 18 relate that Jesus was tried past the two primary priests at the time, Annas and Caiaphas.[27]

Jesus also predicted that the Son of Man would be crucified by the Romans/Gentiles. The Hebrew word gentile ways non-Jewish people.[28] Judaism does not allow crucifixion every bit a means of penalisation,[29] but Ancient Roman law did permit certain persons, such as slaves and pirates, to be crucified.[30] [31]

See likewise [edit]

  • Chronology of Jesus
  • Jesus predicts his betrayal
  • Life of Jesus in the New Testament

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ St Mark'southward Gospel and the Christian faith by Michael Keene 2002 ISBN 0-7487-6775-four pages 24-25
  2. ^ The Temptations of Jesus in Mark's Gospel by Susan R. Garrett 1996 ISBN 978-0-8028-4259-vi pages 74-75
  3. ^ Witherington (2001), p. 31: 'from 66 to lxx, and probably closer to the latter'
  4. ^ Hooker (1991), p. 8: 'the Gospel is unremarkably dated between AD 65 and 75.'
  5. ^ Walter Schmithals, The Theology of the Commencement Christians (Westminster John Knox Press, 1997) page 22.
  6. ^ Licona, Michael (2021). "Did Jesus Predict his Death and Vindication/Resurrection?". Journal for the Written report of the Historical Jesus. 8: 47–66. doi:10.1163/174551909X12607965419595. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ The Gospel according to Mark: significant and bulletin by George Martin 2005 ISBN 0-8294-1970-5 pages 200-202
  8. ^ Matthew for Anybody: Chapters 16-28 by Tom Wright 2004 ISBN 0-664-22787-ii page nine
  9. ^ Matthew sixteen:21
  10. ^ Mercer Dictionary of the Bible past Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 ISBN 0-86554-373-9 page 550
  11. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Marker nine:30-32 - New Revised Standard Version".
  12. ^ Matthew 20:17–19
  13. ^ John S Kloppenborg, Q, the Earliest Gospel (Westminster John Knox Printing, 2008) page 75.
  14. ^ John 3:14
  15. ^ Numbers 21:4–9
  16. ^ Dictionary of biblical imagery past Leland Ryken, Jim Wilhoit, Tremper Longman, Colin Duriez, Douglas Penney, Daniel G. Reid 1998 ISBN 0-8308-1451-five page 269
  17. ^ John 12:23–24
  18. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 26:32 - New International Version". Bible Gateway . Retrieved 2019-04-27 .
  19. ^ "Daily Mass Readings - 23 September 2018 – Sunday". catholiewtn.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018.
  20. ^ "The 1611 King James Bible. Book of Wisdom, affiliate, vv. 12, and 17 to twenty". kingjamesbibleonline.org. Archived from the original on June 28, 2012.
  21. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Son of Man The rendering for the Hebrew "ben adam," practical to mankind in general, as opposed to and distinct from non-man human relationship; expressing also the larger, unlimited implications of humanity every bit differentiated from limited (e.g., national) forms and aspects of human life...The New Testament expression ὅ ὑιὸς τοῦ ἀνθρόπου is a translation of the Aramaic "bar nasha," and as such could have been understood but every bit the substitute for a personal pronoun, or as emphasizing the human qualities of those to whom it is applied..."Sons of men," or "children of men," designates also the slanderers and evil-doers in contrast to the righteous, that is, Israel (Ps. lvii. 5 [A. V. 4], lviii. two [A. Five. 1]).
  22. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Messiah The Messiah is called "the Son of Man," and is described as an angelic beingness, his countenance resembling a homo's, and as occupying a seat in sky beside the Ancient of Days (xlvi. ane), or, every bit it is expressed in ch. xxxix. seven, "under the wings of the Lord of spirits."...In the Assumptio Mosis, however (c. 4 B.C.), information technology may be concluded, on the basis of the identification of the Son of Man = Messiah with Enoch = Meṭaṭron in Enoch lxxi. xiv, that it is the preexistent Messiah who is referred to (x. two), for information technology is stated that, at the cease of the final tribulation, when God's dominion will be established over all cosmos, "the easily of the angel who stands in the highest identify will be filled, and he volition immediately avenge them [State of israel] on their enemies."
  23. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Sanhedrin Antiochus V. likewise greeted the gerusia in a letter to the Jewish people. This gerusia, which stood at the head of the people, was the body that was subsequently chosen "sanhedrin." The date and the mode of its origin can not now be adamant. Josephus calls it either συνέδριον or βουλή, and its members πρεσβΎτεροι (="elders," i.east., ) or βουλευταί (="councilors"), whose number was probably the same equally that of the members of the Sanhedrin in the hall of hewn stone, namely, lxx or seventy-one.
  24. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Priest Too the "chief priest" ("kohen ha-rosh") mention is made of the "kohen mishnch," the 1 holding the 2d place (II Kings xxv. 18 et al.).
  25. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Scribe Trunk of teachers whose function was to translate the Police force to the people, their organization beginning with Ezra, who was their chief, and terminating with Simeon the Just.
  26. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Didactics The men thus engaged are designated every bit V05p043011.jpg or V05p043012.jpg, i.due east., expounders of the Torah. Here for the kickoff fourth dimension in Jewish history is an organized torso of teachers. The Prophets had been replaced by the priests; these in turn were succeeded by the scribes, "the wise" (comp. B. B. 12a, V05p043013.jpg). The latter are described in Dan. xii. three equally the teachers, V05p043014.jpg; "they that exist wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that plough many to righteousness, equally the stars for always and ever." The Talmud refers the 2d clause to the teachers.
  27. ^ USCCB John 18:19-24 The high priest questioned Jesus...Then Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
  28. ^ The Cambridge history of Judaism, Book 2, Cambridge Academy Press, 1989, p. 193. ISBN 978-0-521-24377-iii
  29. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Crucifixion Amidst the modes of Death penalty known to the Jewish penal law, crucifixion is not found; the "hanging" of criminals "on a tree," mentioned in Deut. xxi. 22, was resorted to in New Testament times only later on lapidation (Sanh. six. 4; Sifre, ii. 221, ed. Friedmann, Vienna, 1864).
  30. ^ Robison, John C. (June 2002). "Crucifixion in the Roman World: The Apply of Nails at the Fourth dimension of Christ". Studia Antiqua. 2.
  31. ^ Zias, Joseph (1998). "Crucifixion in Artifact: The Evidence". www.mercaba.org . Retrieved March ten, 2018.

References [edit]

Books
  • Barclay, William (2001). The Gospel of John, Book 1. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN9780664237806.
  • Davies, Stevan 50. (2004). The Gospel of Thomas and Christian Wisdom. Bardic Printing. ISBN9780974566740.
  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1985). The Gospel According to Luke, Ten-XXIV. The Ballast Bible Reference Library. Doubleday. ISBN9780300139815.
  • Harrington, Daniel J. (1991). The Gospel of Matthew. Liturgical Press. ISBN9780814658031.
  • Hooker, Morna (1991). The Gospel According to Saint Mark. Continuum. ISBN9780826460394.
  • Witherington, Ben (2001). The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN9780802845030.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_death

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